Heurística propuesta por Michael Fullan para entender mejor por qué fracasan las políticas de cambio educativo. En sus palabras:
Enlace al originalThe main dilemmas in large-scale reform are all a variation on what I call the too-tight/ too-loose problem. Top-down change doesn’t work because it fails to garner ownership of, commitment to, or even clarity about the nature of the reforms. Bottom-up change—the so-called “let a thousand flowers bloom”—does not produce success on any scale. A thousand flowers do not bloom, and those that do are not perennial! The strategies that are needed have a “bias for action” and pursue this by reconciling and combining top-down and bottom-up forces for change. In our work, we call this strategy capacity building with a focus on results (Page 27)
Lo que propone como solución más efectiva son soluciones inspiradas en estructuras análogas a las metodologías lean utilizadas en el emprendimiento.